PKv, you are 100% correct. I use to chat with a gentleman that was about 22-miles away using digital (FLDIGI) on simplex and we where just using a omnidirectional antenna. You probably could double that with a directional antenna like a yagi.
Now if the SHTF happens and the electrical grid goes down, most repeaters will cease to function. Well, some do have backup generators but fuel could run out. Anyway, I digitally chat with a gentleman in NW NJ using a repeater located about half way between us. I use a yagi and he uses a omnidirectional antenna and QRP (5-watts). As the crow flies, we are about 90-miles apart. I too use low power, 10-watts. Again, use a OTP or Brevity code.
A few up here have a preplanned SOI if the interwize goes down using VHF and in some cases UHF. Brevity code and multiple OTP codes are already setup.
Now before someone chimes in here that codes are illegal to use on the air waves - You are correct! During a interwize SHTF situation, I doubt the five people in the FCC office down in D.C. will be RDFing you because you are using a code.